Networking Essential

1. Standards and Terminology
*Peer to Peer - Use when there are less than 10 computers and Security is not an issue, also called Workgroups. *Client/Server - Use when there are more than 10 computers or it may be expanded in the future and Security is an issue. Administration centralized, Dedicated, File , Print, Fax Servers, Auditing and Monitoring and more. *Bus - Signal Bounce, Terminator, Passive, Linear, Segment, Trunks, Repeater, Barrel Connector. 1 PC fail/network *Star - Hubs, Central Point, Central point fails - Network fails, 1 PC fails on Hub network continues. *Ring - Token passing, Clockwise, only 1 PC can send, 1 PC can be masked out and not effect network. *Active Hubs - Regenerate and transmit, Same as repeater 8 - 12 ports, can be called multiport repeater, need power. *Passive Hubs - Wiring panels, punchdown blocks, no AC power source needed, are basic connections only. *Crosstalk = Overflow of signal from an adjacent wire *Attenuation = The weakening or distorting of a transmitted signal over extended distance. *Beaconing = The process of signalling computers on a ring system that token passing has been interrupted by an error. *Jitter = Instability in a signal wave form over time that could be caused by signal interference or an unbalanced ring in FDDI or Token Ring environments. *A UNC (Universal Naming Convention) \\computer name\share name for example \\Sales1\MSWord *User Level Security - Security is implemented by the Admin - security is based on login user name and password (NT) *Share Level Security - Each user has control of their shared resources (or "share") - used on peer to peer (Win95) *Connection oriented communication - Is reliable delivery *Connection-less orientated communication - Is unreliable delivery *PPP - Supports dynamic IP addressing and SLIP Does not. Also *SLIP does not support compression but CSLIP does. *CSMA/CD - Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection - check the cable for traffic - if there is no traffic it can send *CSMA/CA - Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance - signals the intent so send data b4 sending to help avoid collisions - is slower and less popular than CSMA/CD *ODI - Open Data Link Interface (Novell) are designed to bind multiple protocols to a single NIC. *NDIS - Network Driver Interface Specification (Microsoft) are designed to bind multiple protocols to a single NIC. Will bind multiple protocol stacks and NICs